Section 13.4 Summary of What You Have Learned in This Chapter
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How to construct a two-way table
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Examining conditional proportions to explore group differences on a categorical response variable
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How to construct and interpret a segmented bar graph
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How to state hypotheses in terms of the difference in two population proportions
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When and how to use technology to apply two-sample z procedures to compare two sample proportions
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Interpretation of the z-confidence interval as the interval of plausible values for the difference in the population proportions or process probabilities
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Terminology of observational studies and experiments, including explanatory and response variables
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Being able to distinguish between observational studies and experiments
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Identifying and explaining potential confounding variables in observational studies
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How to carry out random assignment
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The benefits of random assignment
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Approximating p-values using a two-way table simulation
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Calculating exact p-values using the hypergeometric distribution
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Using the normal approximation to obtain p-values and confidence intervals for an underlying treatment effect (when and how)
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Factors that affect the statistical significance between the two groups (e.g., sample size, size of treatment effect)
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Distinctions between cohort, case-control, and cross-classified studies
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Distinctions (and equivalences) between relative risk and odds ratio (how to calculate, how to interpret)
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Confidence intervals for relative risk and odds ratios
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Limitations in the scope of conclusions that can be drawn from different study designs
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