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ISCAM: Investigating Statistical Concepts, Applications, and Methods
Beth L. Chance, Allan J. Rossman
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Front Matter
To the Student
Using Technology with This Book
1
Preliminaries
1.1
Distributions and Variability
1.1.1
Investigation A: Hurricanes and Climate Change
1.1.2
Practice Problem A.A
1.2
Randomness and Probability
1.2.1
Investigation B: Random Babies
1.2.2
Practice Problem B.A
1.2.3
Practice Problem B.B
1.2.4
Practice Problem B.C
1.3
Modelling
1.3.1
Investigation C: Modelling Hurricanes
1.3.2
Practice Problem C.A
1.3.3
Practice Problem C.B
2
ISCAM
Ch. 1 Intro
3
Analyzing a Process Probability
3.1
Investigation 1.1: Friend or Foe?
3.1.1
The Study
3.1.2
Practice Problem 1.1A
3.1.3
Practice Problem 1.1B
3.2
Investigation 1.2: Can Wolves Understand Human Cues?
3.2.1
The Study
3.2.2
Practice Problem 1.2A
3.2.3
Practice Problem 1.2B
3.3
Investigation 1.3: Are You Clairvoyant?
3.3.1
The Scenario
3.3.2
Practice Problem 1.3A
3.3.3
Practice Problem 1.3B
3.3.4
Practice Problem 1.3C
3.4
Investigation 1.4: Heart Transplant Mortality
3.4.1
The Study
3.4.2
Practice Problem 1.4A
3.4.3
Practice Problem 1.4B
3.4.4
Practice Problem 1.4C
3.5
Investigation 1.5: Buttered Side Down Again?
3.5.1
The Study
3.5.2
Practice Problem 1.5
3.6
Investigation 1.6: Kissing the Right Way
3.6.1
The Study
3.6.2
Practice Problem 1.6
3.7
Summary of Exact Binomial Inference
4
Normal Approximations for Sample Proportions
4.1
Investigation 1.7: Reese’s Pieces (optional)
4.1.1
Sampling Distributions
4.1.2
Practice Problem 1.7A
4.1.3
Practice Problem 1.7B
4.2
Investigation 1.8: Halloween Treat Choices
4.2.1
The Study
4.2.2
Practice Problem 1.8A
4.2.3
Practice Problem 1.8B
4.3
Summary of One Proportion
z
-test
4.4
Probability Detour: Normal Random Variables
4.5
Investigation 1.9: Kissing the Right Way (cont.)
4.5.1
Interval of plausible values based on Central Limit Theorem
4.5.2
Practice Problem 1.9A
4.5.3
Practice Problem 1.9B
4.6
Investigation 1.10: Heart Transplant Mortality (cont.)
4.6.1
More Confidence Intervals
4.6.2
Practice Problem 1.10A
4.6.3
Practice Problem 1.10B
4.7
Summary: Confidence Interval Methods
4.8
Investigation 1.11: Ganzfeld Experiments
4.8.1
The Study
4.8.2
Practice Problem 1.11A
4.8.3
Practice Problem 1.11B
4.8.4
Practice Problem 1.11C
4.8.5
Practice Problem 1.11D
4.8.6
Practice Problem 1.11E
4.8.7
Practice Problem 1.11F
5
Sampling from a Finite Population
5.1
Activity: Collecting Data
5.2
Investigation 1.12: Sampling Words
5.2.1
Background
5.2.2
Practice Problem 1.12A
5.2.3
Practice Problem 1.12B
5.3
Investigation 1.13: Sampling Words (cont.)
5.3.1
Estimating the Standard Deviation of Sample Proportions
5.3.2
Practice Problem 1.13A
5.3.3
Practice Problem 1.13B
5.4
Investigation 1.14: Teen Hearing Loss
5.4.1
The Study
5.4.2
Practice Problem 1.14
5.5
Summary of One Proportion
\(z\)
-Procedures for Large Population
5.6
Investigation 1.15: Counting Concussions
5.6.1
The Study
5.6.2
Practice Problem 1.15A
5.6.3
Practice Problem 1.15B
5.7
Investigation 1.16: Literary Digest
5.7.1
The Data
5.7.2
Practice Problem 1.16A
5.7.3
Practice Problem 1.16B
5.7.4
Practice Problem 1.16C
5.7.5
Practice Problem 1.16D
5.8
Investigation 1.17: Cat Households
5.8
The Data
5.9
Investigation 1.18: Women Senators
5.9
The Data
6
Chapter 1 Wrap-Up
6.1
Example 1.1: Predicting Elections from Faces?
6.2
Example 1.2: Cola Discrimination
6.3
Example 1.3: Seat Belt Usage
6.1
Chapter 1 Summary
6.2
Summary of What You Have Learned in This Chapter
6.3
Technology Summary
6.4
Quick Reference to ISCAM R Workspace Functions
6.5
Quick Reference to JMP Commands
6.6
Choice of Procedures for Analyzing One Proportion
6.7
Chapter 1 Appendix: Stratified Random Sampling
7
ISCAM
Ch. 2 Intro
8
Descriptive Statistics for Quantitative Data
8.1
Investigation 2.1: Birth Weights
8.1.1
The Data
8.1.2
Practice Problem 2.1A
8.1.3
Practice Problem 2.1B
8.1.4
Practice Problem 2.1C
8.2
Investigation 2.2: Honking Reaction Times
8.2.1
The Study
8.2.2
Practice Problem 2.2A
8.2.3
Practice Problem 2.2B
8.3
Investigation 2.3: Readability of Cancer Pamphlets
8.3.1
The Study
8.3.2
Practice Problem 2.3
9
Inference for a Population Mean
9.1
Investigation 2.4: The Ethan Allen
9.1.1
The Scenario
9.1.2
Practice Problem 2.4A
9.1.3
Practice Problem 2.4B
9.1.4
Practice Problem 2.4C
9.2
Investigation 2.5: What is a healthy body temperature?
9.2.1
The Claim
9.2.2
Practice Problem 2.5A
9.2.3
Practice Problem 2.5B
9.2.4
Practice Problem 2.5C
9.3
Investigation 2.6: Healthy Body Temperatures (cont.)
9.3.1
Estimating the parameter
9.3.2
Practice Problem 2.6A
9.3.3
Practice Problem 2.6B
9.4
Summary of One-sample
\(t\)
Procedures
10
Inference for Other Statistics
10.1
Investigation 2.7: Water Oxygen Levels
10.1.1
The Study
10.1.2
Practice Problem 2.7
10.2
Investigation 2.8: Turbidity
10.2.1
The Study
10.2.2
Practice Problem 2.8
11
Chapter 2 Wrap-Up
11.1
Example 2.1: Pushing On
11.2
Example 2.2: Distracted Driving?
11.1
Chapter 2 Summary
11.2
Summary of What You Have Learned in This Chapter
11.3
Technology Summary
11.4
Quick Reference to ISCAM R Workspace Functions and R Commands
11.5
Quick Reference to JMP Commands
11.6
Choice of Procedures for Analyzing One Mean
12
ISCAM
Ch. 3 Intro
13
Comparing Two Population Proportions
13.1
Investigation 3.1: Teen Hearing Loss (cont.)
13.1.1
The Study
13.1.2
Practice Problem 3.1A
13.1.3
Practice Problem 3.1B
13.2
Summary of Comparing Two Population Proportions
13.3
Investigation 3.2: Nightlights and Near-sightedness
13.3.1
The Study
13.3.2
Practice Problem 3.2A
13.3.3
Practice Problem 3.2B
14
Types of Studies
14.1
Investigation 3.3: Handwriting and SAT Scores
14.1.1
The Study
14.1.2
Practice Problem 3.3
14.2
Investigation 3.4: Botox for Back Pain
14.2.1
The Study
14.2.2
Practice Problem 3.4A
14.2.3
Practice Problem 3.4B
14.2.4
Practice Problem 3.4C
15
Comparing Two Treatment Probabilities
15.1
Investigation 3.5: Dolphin Therapy
15.1.1
The Study
15.1.2
Practice Problem 3.5A
15.1.3
Practice Problem 3.5B
15.2
Investigation 3.6: Is Yawning Contagious?
15.2.1
The Study
15.2.2
Practice Problem 3.6A
15.2.3
Practice Problem 3.6B
15.2.4
Practice Problem 3.6C
15.3
Investigation 3.7: CPR vs. Chest Compressions
15.3.1
The Study
15.3.2
Practice Problem 3.7A
15.3.3
Practice Problem 3.7B
15.4
Investigation 3.8: Peanut Allergies
15.4.1
The Study
15.4.2
Practice Problem 3.8A
15.4.3
Practice Problem 3.8B
15.5
Summary of Inference for Relative Risk
15.6
Investigation 3.9: Smoking and Lung Cancer
15.6.1
The (First!) Study
15.6.2
Practice Problem 3.9A
15.6.3
Practice Problem 3.9B
15.7
Summary of Inference for Odds Ratio
15.8
Investigation 3.10: Sleepy Drivers
15.8.1
The Study
15.8.2
Practice Problem 3.10
16
Chapter 3 Wrap Up
16.1
Example 3.1: Wording of Questions
16.2
Example 3.2: Unbanked Households
16.3
Chapter 3 Summary
16.4
Summary of What You Have Learned in This Chapter
16.5
Technology Summary
16.6
Choice of Procedures for Comparing Two Proportions
16.7
Quick Reference to ISCAM R Workspace Functions and Other R Commands
16.8
Quick Reference to JMP Commands
16.9
Technology Detour – Simulating Random Assignment (two-way tables)
17
ISCAM
Ch. 4 Intro
18
Section 1: Comparing Two Groups with a Quantitative Response
18.1
Investigation 4.1: Employment Discrimination?
18.1.1
The Court Case
18.1.2
Practice Problem 4.1
19
Section 2: Comparing Two Population Means
19.1
Comparing Groups
19.1.1
Investigation 4.2: The Elephants in the Room
19.1.2
Probability Detour: Sampling Distribution of Difference in Two Means
19.1.3
Back to the Elephants
19.1.4
Practice Problem 4.2A
19.1.5
Practice Problem 4.2B
19.1.6
Practice Problem 4.2C
19.2
Investigation 4.3: Left-Handedness and Life Expectancy
19.2.1
The Study
19.2.2
Practice Problem 4.3A
19.2.3
Practice Problem 4.3B
19.3
Applet Exploration
19.3
Guess the p-value
20
Section 3: Comparing Two Treatment Means
20.1
Investigation 4.4: Lingering Effects of Sleep Deprivation
20.1.1
The Study
20.1.2
Practice Problem 4.4A
20.1.3
Practice Problem 4.4B
20.2
Investigation 4.5: Lingering effects of sleep deprivation (cont.)
20.2.1
Two-sample
t
-tests
20.2.2
Practice Problem 4.5
20.3
Investigation 4.6: Ice Cream Serving Sizes
20.3.1
Two-sample
t
-confidence intervals
20.3.2
Practice Problem 4.6
20.4
Investigation 4.7: Cloud Seeding
20.4.1
Strategies for Non-normal Data
20.4.2
Practice Problem 4.7
21
Section 4: Matched Pairs Designs
21.1
Investigation 4.8: Speed It Up
21.1.1
Independent vs. Paired Designs
21.1.2
Practice Problem 4.8A
21.1.3
Practice Problem 4.8B
21.2
Investigation 4.9: Speed It Up (cont.)
21.2.1
Inference for Paired Designs
21.2.2
Practice Problem 4.9A
21.2.3
Practice Problem 4.9B
21.3
Investigation 4.10: Comparison Shopping
21.3.1
Exercises
21.3.2
Practice Problem 4.10A
21.3.3
Practice Problem 4.10B
21.3.4
Practice Problem 4.10C
21.3.5
Practice Problem 4.10D
21.4
Summary of Procedures for Paired Differences
21.5
Investigation 4.11: Smoke Alarms
21.5.1
McNemar’s Test
21.5.2
Practice Problem 4.11
22
Chapter 4 Wrap-Up
22.1
Example 4.1: Age Discrimination?
22.2
Example 4.2: Speed Limit Changes
22.3
Example 4.3: Distracted Driving?
22.4
Example 4.4: Comparison Shopping in the Future
22.5
Chapter 4 Summary
22.5.1
Summary
22.5.2
Summary of What You Have Learned in This Chapter
22.5.3
Technology Summary
22.5.4
Quick Reference to ISCAM Workspace Functions and other R Commands
22.5.5
Quick Reference to JMP Commands
22.5.6
Choice of Procedures for Comparing Two Means
Backmatter
A
Glossary of Terms
B
ISCAM Resources
Index
Colophon
Chapter
3
Analyzing a Process Probability
In this section, you will begin to analyze results from statistical studies and focus on the process of statistical inference. In particular, you will learn how to assess evidence against a particular claim about a random process.
🔗
3.1
Investigation 1.1: Friend or Foe?
3.2
Investigation 1.2: Can Wolves Understand Human Cues?
3.3
Investigation 1.3: Are You Clairvoyant?
3.4
Investigation 1.4: Heart Transplant Mortality
3.5
Investigation 1.5: Buttered Side Down Again?
3.6
Investigation 1.6: Kissing the Right Way
3.7
Summary of Exact Binomial Inference
🔗
