Python for Everybody - Interactive

Assignments

• Assignments

Table of Contents

• 1. Why Program?
  • 1.1. Why should you learn to write programs?
  • 1.2. Creativity and motivation
  • 1.3. Computer hardware architecture
  • 1.4. Understanding programming
  • 1.5. Words and sentences in Python
  • 1.6. Conversing with Python
  • 1.7. Terminology: Interpreter and compiler
  • 1.8. Writing a program
  • 1.9. What is a program?
  • 1.10. The building blocks of programs
  • 1.11. What could possibly go wrong?
  • 1.12. Debugging
  • 1.13. The learning journey
  • 1.14. Glossary
  • 1.15. Exercises
• 2. Variables, Expressions, and Statements
  • 2.1. Values and types
  • 2.2. Variables
  • 2.3. Variable names and keywords
  • 2.4. Statements
  • 2.5. Operators and operands
  • 2.6. Expressions
  • 2.7. Order of operations
  • 2.8. Modulus operator
  • 2.9. String operations
  • 2.10. Asking the user for input
  • 2.11. Comments
  • 2.12. Choosing mnemonic variable names
  • 2.13. Debugging
  • 2.14. Glossary
  • 2.15. Multiple Choice Questions
  • 2.16. Mixed-up Code Questions
  • 2.17. Write Code Questions
• 3. Debugging Interlude 1
  • 3.1. How to be a Successful Programmer
  • 3.2. How to Avoid Debugging
  • 3.3. Beginning tips for Debugging
  • 3.4. Know Your Error Messages
    • 3.4.1. ParseError
    • 3.4.2. TypeError
    • 3.4.3. NameError
    • 3.4.4. ValueError
  • 3.5. Summary
  • 3.6. Exercises
• 4. Conditional Execution
  • 4.1. Boolean expressions
  • 4.2. Logical operators
  • 4.3. Conditional execution
  • 4.4. Alternative execution
  • 4.5. Chained conditionals
  • 4.6. Nested conditionals
  • 4.7. Catching exceptions using try and except
  • 4.8. Short-circuit evaluation of logical expressions
  • 4.9. Debugging
  • 4.10. Glossary
  • 4.11. Multiple Choice Questions
  • 4.12. Mixed-up Code Questions
  • 4.13. Write Code Questions
  • 4.14. Group Work - Conditionals and Logic
    • 4.14.1. Comparison Operators
    • 4.14.2. if/else Statements
    • 4.14.3. Boolean Operations
• 5. Functions
  • 5.1. Function calls
  • 5.2. Built-in functions
  • 5.3. Type conversion functions
  • 5.4. Math functions
  • 5.5. Random numbers
  • 5.6. Adding new functions
  • 5.7. Definitions and uses
  • 5.8. Flow of execution
  • 5.9. Parameters and arguments
  • 5.10. Fruitful functions and void functions
  • 5.11. Why functions?
  • 5.12. Debugging
  • 5.13. Glossary
  • 5.14. Multiple Choice Questions
  • 5.15. Mixed-up Code Questions
  • 5.16. Write Code Questions
  • 5.17. Group Work: Functions
    • 5.17.1. Print and Function Basics
    • 5.17.2. Parts of a Function and Function Calls
    • 5.17.3. Writing Function Calls
    • 5.17.4. Function Order
    • 5.17.5. Special Characters and Keywords
  • 5.18. Functions Multiple Choice Questions
  • 5.19. Functions Mixed-Up Code Questions
  • 5.20. Functions Write Code Questions
  • 5.21. Group Work: Functions and Strings
    • 5.21.1. String Indices
    • 5.21.2. String Slices
    • 5.21.3. Input and Converting Between Strings and Numbers
    • 5.21.4. String Methods
  • 5.22. Functions and Strings Multiple Choice Questions
  • 5.23. Functions and Strings Mixed-Up Code Questions
  • 5.24. Functions and Strings Write Code Questions
  • 5.25. Group Work: Functions and Conditionals
    • 5.25.1. Basic Conditionals and Tests
    • 5.25.2. Logical Operators and Complex Conditionals
  • 5.26. Functions and Conditionals Multiple Choice Questions
  • 5.27. Functions and Conditionals Mixed-Up Code Questions
  • 5.28. Functions and Conditionals Write Code Questions
  • 5.29. Group Work: Functions and Lists
    • 5.29.1. List Indexing
    • 5.29.2. Built-in Functions That Work on Lists
    • 5.29.3. List Methods
    • 5.29.4. Using the Slice Operator
  • 5.30. Functions with Lists Multiple Choice Questions
  • 5.31. Functions and Lists Mixed-Up Code Questions
  • 5.32. Functions and Lists Write Code Questions
  • 5.33. Group Work: Functions with Loops
    • 5.33.1. The For-Each Loop
    • 5.33.2. Range and For
    • 5.33.3. While Loops
  • 5.34. Functions with Loops Multiple Choice Questions
  • 5.35. Functions and Loops Mixed-Up Code Questions
  • 5.36. Functions and Loops Write Code Questions
  • 5.37. Group Work: Functions with Tuples and Dictionaries
    • 5.37.1. Tuples
    • 5.37.2. Tuples are Immutable
    • 5.37.3. Dictionaries
  • 5.38. Functions with Tuples and Dictionaries Multiple Choice Questions
  • 5.39. Functions with Tuples and Dictionaries Mixed-Up Code Questions
  • 5.40. Functions with Tuples and Dictionaries Write Code Questions
  • 5.41. Group Work: Functions, Strings, and Conditionals
    • 5.41.1. Function Example
    • 5.41.2. String Definition
    • 5.41.3. String Indices
    • 5.41.4. String Slices
    • 5.41.5. Basic Conditionals and Tests
    • 5.41.6. Logical Operators and Complex Conditionals
  • 5.42. Group Work: Functions with Lists and Loops
    • 5.42.1. List Indexing and Slicing
    • 5.42.2. Built-in Functions That Work on Lists
    • 5.42.3. List Methods
    • 5.42.4. The For-Each Loop
    • 5.42.5. Range and For
    • 5.42.6. While Loops
  • 5.43. Homework: Creating Functions from Sample Input and Output
    • 5.43.1. Function 1
    • 5.43.2. Function 2
    • 5.43.3. Function 3
    • 5.43.4. Function 4
    • 5.43.5. Extra Credit
  • 5.44. Discussion: Creating Functions from Sample Input and Output
    • 5.44.1. Function 1
    • 5.44.2. Function 2
    • 5.44.3. Function 3
    • 5.44.4. Function 4
  • 5.45. Group Work: Functions with Sets and Dictionaries
    • 5.45.1. What is a Set?
    • 5.45.2. Sets only Contain Immutable Items
    • 5.45.3. Sets Do Not Allow Duplicates
    • 5.45.4. Adding Mutliple Items to a Set
    • 5.45.5. Set Methods
    • 5.45.6. Creating Sets
    • 5.45.7. Sorting Sets
    • 5.45.8. Dictionaries
• 6. Loops and Iterations
  • 6.1. Updating variables
  • 6.2. The while statement
  • 6.3. Infinite loops
  • 6.4. Finishing iterations with continue
  • 6.5. Definite loops using for
  • 6.6. Loop patterns
    • 6.6.1. Counting and summing loops
    • 6.6.2. Maximum and minimum loops
  • 6.7. Debugging
  • 6.8. Glossary
  • 6.9. Multiple Choice Questions
  • 6.10. Mixed-up code Questions
  • 6.11. Write Code Questions
  • 6.12. Group Work - Loops (For, Range, While)
    • 6.12.1. for Statements
    • 6.12.2. The range Function
    • 6.12.3. while Statements
• 7. Strings
  • 7.1. A string is a sequence
  • 7.2. Getting the length of a string using len()
  • 7.3. Traversal through a string with a loop
  • 7.4. String slices
  • 7.5. Strings are immutable
  • 7.6. Looping and counting
  • 7.7. The in operator
  • 7.8. String comparison
  • 7.9. String methods
  • 7.10. Parsing strings
  • 7.11. Format operator
  • 7.12. Debugging
  • 7.13. Glossary
  • 7.14. Multiple Choice Questions
  • 7.15. Mixed-up Code Questions
  • 7.16. Write-code questions
  • 7.17. Group Work - Strings
    • 7.17.1. Indexing and Slicing
    • 7.17.2. Common String Methods
• 8. Files
  • 8.1. Persistence
  • 8.2. Opening files
  • 8.3. Text files and lines
  • 8.4. Reading files
  • 8.5. Searching through a file
  • 8.6. Letting the user choose the file name
  • 8.7. Using try, except, and open
  • 8.8. Writing files
  • 8.9. Debugging
  • 8.10. Summary
  • 8.11. Glossary
  • 8.12. Multiple Choice Questions
  • 8.13. Mixed-up Code Questions
  • 8.14. Write Code Questions
  • 8.15. Group Work: Reading from Files
    • 8.15.1. Reading from Files
  • 8.16. Group Work: Reading from CSV Files
    • 8.16.1. Comma-Separated Values (CSV) Files
    • 8.16.2. Nested dictionaries
    • 8.16.3. Comma-Separated Values (CSV) Files with a Header Row
  • 8.17. Group Work: Using a CSV reader/writer
    • 8.17.1. CSV Reader
    • 8.17.2. Reading Comma-Separated Values (CSV) Files with a Header Row
    • 8.17.3. Writing a Comma-Separated Values (CSV) File with CSV Writer
• 9. Lists
  • 9.1. A list is a sequence
  • 9.2. Lists are mutable
  • 9.3. Traversing a list
  • 9.4. List operations
  • 9.5. List slices
  • 9.6. List methods
  • 9.7. Deleting elements
  • 9.8. Lists and functions
  • 9.9. Lists and strings
  • 9.10. Parsing lines
  • 9.11. Objects and values
  • 9.12. Aliasing
  • 9.13. List arguments
  • 9.14. Debugging
  • 9.15. Glossary
  • 9.16. Multiple Choice Questions
  • 9.17. Mixed-Up Code Questions
  • 9.18. Write Code Questions
  • 9.19. Group Work: Lists
• 10. Dictionaries
  • 10.1. Dictionaries
  • 10.2. Dictionary as a Set of Counters
  • 10.3. Dictionaries and Files
  • 10.4. Looping and Dictionaries
  • 10.5. Advanced Text Parsing
  • 10.6. Debugging
  • 10.7. Glossary
  • 10.8. Multiple Choice Questions
  • 10.9. Mixed-Up Code Questions
  • 10.10. Write Code Questions
• 11. Tuples
  • 11.1. Tuples are Immutable
  • 11.2. Comparing Tuples
  • 11.3. Tuple Assignment
  • 11.4. Dictionaries and Tuples
  • 11.5. Multiple Assignment with Dictionaries
  • 11.6. The Most Common Words
  • 11.7. Using Tuples as Keys in Dictionaries
  • 11.8. Sequences: Strings, Lists, and Tuples - Oh My!
  • 11.9. Debugging
  • 11.10. Glossary
  • 11.11. Multiple Choice Questions
  • 11.12. Tuples Mixed-Up Code Questions
  • 11.13. Write Code Questions
• 12. Regular Expressions
  • 12.1. Regular Expressions
  • 12.2. Character Matching in Regular Expressions
  • 12.3. Extracting Data Using Regular Expressions
  • 12.4. Combining Searching and Extracting
  • 12.5. Escape Character
  • 12.6. Summary
  • 12.7. Bonus section for Unix / Linux users
  • 12.8. Debugging
  • 12.9. Glossary
  • 12.10. Multiple Choice Questions
  • 12.11. Practice Problems - Regular Expressions
  • 12.12. Mixed-Up Code Questions
  • 12.13. Write Code Questions
  • 12.14. Group Work: Regular Expressions (Regex)
    • 12.14.1. Regex Methods
    • 12.14.2. Quantifiers
    • 12.14.3. Character Sets
    • 12.14.4. Character Ranges
    • 12.14.5. Character Classes
    • 12.14.6. Escaping Special Characters
    • 12.14.7. Greedy and Non-Greedy Matching
  • 12.15. Group Work: More Regular Expressions (Regex)
    • 12.15.1. Using a logical “or”
    • 12.15.2. Specifying What to Extract - Matching Groups
    • 12.15.3. Specifying What to Extract - Non-Matching Groups
    • 12.15.4. Boundary or Anchor Characters
    • 12.15.5. Negating a Character Set
• 13. Network Programming
  • 13.1. Networked programs
  • 13.2. HyperText Transfer Protocol - HTTP
  • 13.3. The world’s simplest web browser
  • 13.4. Retrieving an image over HTTP
  • 13.5. Retrieving web pages with urllib
  • 13.6. Reading binary files using urllib
  • 13.7. Group Work: HTML Basics
    • 13.7.1. Start and End Tags
    • 13.7.2. List Tags
    • 13.7.3. Tag Relationships: Parent, Child, Sibling
  • 13.8. Mixed-Up Code Questions
  • 13.9. Group Work: More HTML
    • 13.9.1. Table Tags
    • 13.9.2. Link Tag
    • 13.9.3. Image Tag
    • 13.9.4. Attributes
    • 13.9.5. Div and Span tags
    • 13.9.6. Using CSS Classes
  • 13.10. Parsing HTML and scraping the web
  • 13.11. Parsing HTML using regular expressions
  • 13.12. Parsing HTML using BeautifulSoup
  • 13.13. Group Work on BeautifulSoup with Requests
    • 13.13.1. Getting a tag from a soup object
    • 13.13.2. Getting text from a tag
    • 13.13.3. Getting data from tags with attributes
    • 13.13.4. How to Find Tags Inside of Tags
  • 13.14. Bonus section for Unix / Linux users
  • 13.15. Glossary
  • 13.16. Multiple Choice Questions
  • 13.17. Mixed-Up Code Questions
  • 13.18. Write Code Exercises
• 14. Learn Web Scraping
  • 14.1. Scrape all the Cottage Inn Pizza locations
  • 14.2. Get news links from faculty webpages
  • 14.3. Plan 2: Get a soup from a URL
    • 14.3.1. Plan 2: Example
    • 14.3.2. Plan 2: When to use this plan
    • 14.3.3. Plan 2: How to use this plan
    • 14.3.4. Plan 2: Exercises
  • 14.4. Plan 3: Get a soup from multiple URLs
    • 14.4.1. Plan 3: Example
    • 14.4.2. Plan 3: When to use this plan
    • 14.4.3. Plan3: How to use this plan
    • 14.4.4. Plan 3: Exercises
  • 14.5. Plan 4: Get info from a single tag
    • 14.5.1. Plan 4: Example
    • 14.5.2. Plan 4: When to use it
    • 14.5.3. Plan 4: How to use it
    • 14.5.4. Plan 4: Exercises
  • 14.6. Plan 5: Get info from all tags of a certain type
    • 14.6.1. Looking closer at a tag
    • 14.6.2. Plan 5: Example
    • 14.6.3. Plan 5: How to use it
    • 14.6.4. Plan 5: Exercises
  • 14.7. Plan 9: Print info
    • 14.7.1. Plan 9: Example
    • 14.7.2. Plan 9: Exercises
  • 14.8. Plan 10: Store info in a json file
    • 14.8.1. Plan 10: Outline
  • 14.9. Code writing activity part 1
  • 14.10. Code writing activity part 2
  • 14.11. Code writing activity part 3
  • 14.12. Code debugging activity
  • 14.13. Code explaining activity
    • 14.13.1. Relevant tags
  • 14.14. You can download all the plans here
    • 14.14.1. Plan 1
    • 14.14.2. Plan 2
    • 14.14.3. Plan 3
    • 14.14.4. Plan 4
    • 14.14.5. Plan 5
    • 14.14.6. Plan 6
    • 14.14.7. Plan 9
    • 14.14.8. Plan 10
  • 14.15. Multiple Choice Questions
  • 14.16. Mixed-Up Code Questions
  • 14.17. Write Code Questions
• 15. Using Web Services
  • 15.1. eXtensible Markup Language - XML
    • 15.1.1. Properly Formatted XML
  • 15.2. Parsing XML
    • 15.2.1. Using get to get the value of an attribute
    • 15.2.2. Getting Data from the First Element of a Type in XML
    • 15.2.3. Fixing Errors in XML
    • 15.2.4. Write Code to Process XML
  • 15.3. Looping through nodes
  • 15.4. JavaScript Object Notation - JSON
    • 15.4.1. List of Dictionaries
  • 15.5. What is JSON?
    • 15.5.1. Converting a JSON String into a Python Object
    • 15.5.2. Converting a Python object into a JSON string
  • 15.6. Application Programming Interfaces
    • 15.6.1. Getting JSON Data From an API
    • 15.6.2. Using a Dictionary for URL Parameters
  • 15.7. Security and API usage
  • 15.8. Glossary
  • 15.9. Multiple Choice Questions
  • 15.10. Mixed-Up Code Questions
  • 15.11. Write Code Questions
  • 15.12. Application 1: Google geocoding web service
  • 15.13. Application 2: Twitter
• 16. Object-Oriented Programming
  • 16.1. Managing larger programs
  • 16.2. Getting started
  • 16.3. Using objects
  • 16.4. Starting with programs
  • 16.5. Subdividing a problem
  • 16.6. Our first Python object
  • 16.7. Classes as types
  • 16.8. Object lifecycle
  • 16.9. Multiple instances
  • 16.10. Inheritance
  • 16.11. Summary
  • 16.12. Glossary
  • 16.13. Multiple Choice Questions
  • 16.14. Mixed-Up Code Exercises
  • 16.15. Write Code Exercises
  • 16.16. Group Work - Classes, constructors, attributes, and methods
    • 16.16.1. A Book Class
    • 16.16.2. Create More Book Objects
    • 16.16.3. Add a Method to a Class
  • 16.17. Group Work - Working with Multiple Classes
    • 16.17.1. Inheritance
    • 16.17.2. Overriding an Inherited Method
• 17. Turtles: An Introduction to Objects and Classes
  • 17.1. History of Turtles
    • 17.1.1. What does a left turn of 90 mean?
  • 17.2. Practice with Turtles
  • 17.3. Turtle Methods
  • 17.4. Single and Multiple Turtles
  • 17.5. Using Repetition with Turtles
  • 17.6. Teacher Note: Turtle Geometry
  • 17.7. Total Turtle Trip Theorem
  • 17.8. Making Patterns within Patterns
  • 17.9. The Turtle Stamp Procedure
  • 17.10. Creating Functions with Turtles
  • 17.11. Summary
    • 17.11.1. Summary of Turtle Methods
    • 17.11.2. Summary of Screen Methods
  • 17.12. Multiple Choice Questions
  • 17.13. Mixed-Up Code Questions
  • 17.14. Write Code Questions
• 18. Image and Pixel Classes and Methods
  • 18.1. Using Repetition with Images
  • 18.2. Understanding Image Representation
  • 18.3. A Pattern for Image Processing
  • 18.4. Changing Step 5: Increasing and decreasing color values
  • 18.5. Changing Step 6: Changing where we put the colors
  • 18.6. Changing Step 3: Changing which data we use
  • 18.7. Image Chaper Summary
  • 18.8. Multiple Choice Questions
  • 18.9. Mixed-Up Code Exercises
  • 18.10. Write Code Exercises
• 19. Classes and Objects - the Basics
  • 19.1. Object-oriented programming
  • 19.2. A change of perspective
  • 19.3. Objects Revisited
  • 19.4. User Defined Classes
  • 19.5. Improving our Constructor
  • 19.6. Adding Other Methods to our Class
  • 19.7. Objects as Arguments and Parameters
  • 19.8. Converting an Object to a String
  • 19.9. Instances as Return Values
  • 19.10. Group Work with Multiple Classes
    • 19.10.1. Multiple Classes
    • 19.10.2. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design
    • 19.10.3. UML Diagrams
  • 19.11. Multiple Classes Practice
  • 19.12. Multiple Choice Questions for Multiple Classes
  • 19.13. Glossary
  • 19.14. Multiple Choice Questions
  • 19.15. Mixed-Up Code Exercises
  • 19.16. Exercises
• 20. Inheritance
  • 20.1. Pillars of OOP
  • 20.2. Introduction to Inheritance - Point and LabeledPoint
  • 20.3. Call a Parent Method
  • 20.4. Reuse Through Association
  • 20.5. Class Diagrams
  • 20.6. Association vs. Inheritance
  • 20.7. Case Study: Structured Postal Addresses
    • 20.7.1. Storing Postal Addresses
    • 20.7.2. Storing International Addresses
    • 20.7.3. Inheritance Applied
    • 20.7.4. A List of Addresses
    • 20.7.5. Using isinstance
  • 20.8. Unit Tests
    • 20.8.1. Testing your Code
    • 20.8.2. Creating Test Cases
    • 20.8.3. Understanding Unit Tests
    • 20.8.4. Writing Unit Tests
  • 20.9. Group Work on Unit Tests
    • 20.9.1. Assert methods
    • 20.9.2. Writing Unit Tests
  • 20.10. Multiple Choice Questions
  • 20.11. Mixed-Up Code Questions
  • 20.12. Write Code Questions
• 21. Databases
  • 21.1. What is a database?
  • 21.2. Database concepts
  • 21.3. Database Browser for SQLite
  • 21.4. Creating a database table
  • 21.5. Structured Query Language summary
  • 21.6. More SELECT Keywords
  • 21.7. Spidering Twitter using a database
  • 21.8. Basic data modeling
  • 21.9. Programming with multiple tables
    • 21.9.1. Constraints in database tables
    • 21.9.2. Retrieve and/or insert a record
    • 21.9.3. Storing the friend relationship
  • 21.10. Three kinds of keys
  • 21.11. Using JOIN to retrieve data
  • 21.12. Summary
  • 21.13. Debugging
  • 21.14. Glossary
  • 21.15. Multiple Choice Questions
  • 21.16. Mixed-Up Code Questions
  • 21.17. Write Code Questions
• 22. Data Visualization
  • 22.1. Visualizing data
  • 22.2. Building a Google map from geocoded data
  • 22.3. Visualizing networks and interconnections
  • 22.4. Visualizing mail data
  • 22.5. Multiple Choice Questions
  • 22.6. Mixed-Up Code Questions

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   _hidden/student_survey.rst

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements, Contributors, License, and Preface

• Contributions
• Copyright Detail for Python for Everybody
• Credits for Python for Everybody
• Printing History for for Python for Everybody
• Copyright Details for for Python for Everybody
• Remixing an Open Book

Indices

• Index

• Search Page

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