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The mechanism by which one class can inherit the properties and behaviors (methods) of another class.

Also known as a parent class. A class that is inherited from. It provides properties and methods that can be used by derived classes.

Also known as a child class. A class that inherits from one or more base classes, gaining their properties and methods.

A function for which the code will determine the behavior at runtime.

The ability of different classes to be treated as instances of the same class and produce different behaviors. We can pass a Student or a Teacher to a function that takes a Person&. When that function calls introduce() on the person, we will get the appropriate behavior for the actual type of object.

Also known as a pure virtual function. A method that is declared without an implementation and must be implemented by subclasses.

A class that cannot be instantiated and is designed to be subclassed, often containing abstract methods that must be implemented by derived classes.

A contract that defines a set of methods that a class must implement, but does not provide any implementation itself.

The phenomenon that occurs when an object of a derived class is copied into an object of a base class, causing the derived class-specific data to be lost.

A relationship between classes where one class is a specialized version of another class. For example, a Dog is-an Animal.

Refers to the ability of a program to adapt its behavior at runtime, often associated with dynamic binding and polymorphism.

A feature of some object-oriented programming languages in which a class can inherit from more than one parent class.