A method of parameter-passing in which the value provided as an argument is copied into the corresponding parameter, but the parameter and the argument occupy distinct locations.
A method of parameter-passing in which the parameter is a reference to the argument variable. Changes to the parameter also affect the argument variable.
A collection of data grouped together and treated as a single object.
instance variable
One of the named pieces of data that make up a structure.
reference
A value that indicates or refers to a variable or structure.
pass by value
A method of parameter-passing in which the value provided as an argument is copied into the corresponding parameter, but the parameter and the argument occupy distinct locations.
pass by reference
A method of parameter-passing in which the parameter is a reference to the argument variable. Changes to the parameter also affect the argument variable.
