4.11. Exercises

1. Write a program that prints We like Python's turtles! 100 times.

   for i in range(100): print("We like Python's turtles!")

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2. Turtle objects have methods and attributes. For example, a turtle has a position and when you move the turtle forward, the position changes. Think about the other methods shown in the summary above. Which attibutes, if any, does each method relate to? Does the method change the attribute?

3. Write a program that uses a for loop to print

   One of the months of the year is January

   One of the months of the year is February

   One of the months of the year is March

   etc …

   for amonth in ['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'November', 'December']: print("One of the months of the year is", amonth)

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4. Assume you have a list of numbers 12, 10, 32, 3, 66, 17, 42, 99, 20

   1. Write a loop that prints each of the numbers on a new line.

   2. Write a loop that prints each number and its square on a new line.

5. Use for loops to make a turtle draw these regular polygons (regular means all sides the same lengths, all angles the same):

   • An equilateral triangle

   • A square

   • A hexagon (six sides)

   • An octagon (eight sides)

   # draw an equilateral triangle
   import turtle
   
   wn = turtle.Screen()
   norvig = turtle.Turtle()
   
   for i in range(3):
       norvig.forward(100)
   
       # the angle of each vertice of a regular polygon
       # is 360 divided by the number of sides
       norvig.left(360/3)
   
   wn.exitonclick()
   

   # draw a square
   import turtle
   
   wn = turtle.Screen()
   kurzweil = turtle.Turtle()
   
   for i in range(4):
       kurzweil.forward(100)
       kurzweil.left(360/4)
   
   wn.exitonclick()
   

   # draw a hexagon
   import turtle
   
   wn = turtle.Screen()
   dijkstra = turtle.Turtle()
   
   for i in range(6):
       dijkstra.forward(100)
       dijkstra.left(360/6)
   
   wn.exitonclick()
   

   # draw an octogon
   import turtle
   
   wn = turtle.Screen()
   knuth = turtle.Turtle()
   
   for i in range(8):
       knuth.forward(75)
       knuth.left(360/8)
   
   wn.exitonclick()
   

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6. Write a program that asks the user for the number of sides, the length of the side, the color, and the fill color of a regular polygon. The program should draw the polygon and then fill it in.

7. A drunk pirate makes a random turn and then takes 100 steps forward, makes another random turn, takes another 100 steps, turns another random amount, etc. A social science student records the angle of each turn before the next 100 steps are taken. Her experimental data is 160, -43, 270, -97, -43, 200, -940, 17, -86. (Positive angles are counter-clockwise.) Use a turtle to draw the path taken by our drunk friend. After the pirate is done walking, print the current heading.

   import turtle wn = turtle.Screen() lovelace = turtle.Turtle() # move the turtle forward a little so that the whole path fits on the screen lovelace.penup() lovelace.forward(60) # now draw the drunk pirate's path lovelace.pendown() for angle in [160, -43, 270, -97, -43, 200, -940, 17, -86]: # we use .left() so that positive angles are counter-clockwise # and negative angles are clockwise lovelace.left(angle) lovelace.forward(100) # the .heading() method gives us the turtle's current heading in degrees print("The pirate's final heading was", lovelace.heading()) wn.exitonclick()

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8. On a piece of scratch paper, trace the following program and show the drawing. When you are done, press run and check your answer.

   import turtle wn = turtle.Screen() tess = turtle.Turtle() tess.right(90) tess.left(3600) tess.right(-90) tess.left(3600) tess.left(3645) tess.forward(-100)

9. Write a program to draw a shape like this:

   

   import turtle turing = turtle.Turtle() for i in range(5): turing.forward(110) turing.left(216)

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10. Write a program to draw a face of a clock that looks something like this:

    

11. Write a program to draw some kind of picture. Be creative and experiment with the turtle methods provided in Summary of Turtle Methods.

    import turtle tanenbaum = turtle.Turtle() tanenbaum.hideturtle() tanenbaum.speed(20) for i in range(350): tanenbaum.forward(i) tanenbaum.right(98)

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12. Create a turtle and assign it to a variable. When you print its type, what do you get?

13. A sprite is a simple spider shaped thing with n legs coming out from a center point. The angle between each leg is 360 / n degrees.

    Write a program to draw a sprite where the number of legs is provided by the user.

    import turtle wn = turtle.Screen() babbage = turtle.Turtle() babbage.shape("triangle") n = int(input("How many legs should this sprite have? ")) angle = 360 / n for i in range(n): # draw the leg babbage.right(angle) babbage.forward(65) babbage.stamp() # go back to the middle and turn back around babbage.right(180) babbage.forward(65) babbage.right(180) babbage.shape("circle") wn.exitonclick()

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