2.12. Multiple Choice Exercises¶

Answer the following Multiple Choice questions to assess what you have learned in this chapter.

Q-1: Take a look at the following program. How many lines of output will be produced?

int main() {
  int hour = 7;
  int min = 50;
  cout << "The current time is: " << endl;
  cout << hour;
  cout << ":";  cout << minute;
  cout << endl;
  cout << "I'm going to be late for my 8am!";
}

6
There are 6 cout statements, but that doesn’t mean there are 6 lines of output!
5
There are 5 lines of cout statments, but that doesn’t mean there are 5 lines of output!
3
Even though there are 6 cout staments written on 5 lines, there are only 3 lines of output in the terminal.
2
There are 2 endl statements. But what happens when you have more output after the endl?
0! There is an error!
Everything is syntacticly legal! You can have cout statements on multiple lines of code that have one line of output… or you can have multiple cout statements on one line of code that have multiple lines of output!

Q-2: What is the type of x?

x = "3";

integer
1 is an integer.
double
1.0 is a double.
character
'1' is a character.
string
Anything in double quotes is a string.

Q-3: What is the value of x?

x = 2 + (13 - 5) * 2 + 6 /3;

7
13 - 5 is computed first because it is in parentheses.
20
C++ follows the order of operations.
23.333
2 + 6 is not grouped together like 13 - 5.
34
2 + 6 / 3 is not computed first.

Q-4: What is printed when the following code is run?

int main() {
  int x;
  int y = 2;
  int z = 4;
  x = z;
  z = 6;
  y = x + z;
  cout << y + z;
}

6
The variables y and z have been re-assigned.
10
This would be correct if we had written cout << x + z.
16
Walking through each line of code and keeping track of variables, like you just did, is called tracing.
yz
If y and z were characters 'y' and 'z', it would be legal to add them together. But the result 243 might surprise you!

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Q-5: Multiple Response Which of the following changes would, by themselves, would make the output of the following program 34?

int main() {
  char c;
  int d;
  c = "3";
  d = 4;
  cout << c; cout << d;
}

declaring c as an int.
This will still result in an error.
declaring c as a string.
This clears up the type mismatch on line 4.
declaring d as a char.
Although the code will still run, it won’t give correct output.
Line 4 is replaced with c = 3
Although the code will still run, it won’t give correct output.
Line 4 is replaced with c = '3'
This clears up the type mismatch on line 4.

Q-6: What is the output of the following code block?

int main() {
  string apples;
  apples = "bananas";
  string pineapple;
  string mango = "mango";
  pineapple = apples;
  cout << "My favorite fruit is ";
  cout << pineapple << endl;
  pineapple = mango;
}

My favorite fruit is pineapple
pineapple is the name of the variable, but it’s not necessarily the value of that variable.
My favorite fruit is bananas
pineapple = apples, and apples = "bananas".
My favorite fruit is apples
pineapple = apples, but what does apples equal?
My favorite fruit is mango
"mango" is the value of the variable pineapple at the end of main, but not at the line of the cout.
Compile error.
There are no syntax errors that will cause an issue compiling.

Q-7: What line does the first error occur in the following program? If there is no error, what is the output?

int main() {
  string Tom = "Tom";
  string friend = "Jerry";
  cout << tom;
  cout << "is friends with"; cout << friend;
}

line 2, a variable cannot have the same name as its value
A variable can have any value… as long as the types are the same.
line 3, you cannot have a variable named friend
friend is a reserved keyword in C++ and can’t be used as a variable name. What a shame, since Tom and Jerry are the best of friends!
line 5, you cannot have two statements on the same line
You can have as many statements as you want on one line, as long as you terminate each one with a semicolon.
No error, Tom is friends with Jerry
If the code runs, C++ doesn’t automatically add spaces between consecutive strings.
No error, Tomis friends withJerry
If the error was corrected, this would be the output. Unfortunately, there is an error that prevents this line from executing.

Q-8: Your math teacher just gave an exam that had all of the students panicking. Four students decide to share their scores to see who did the best. At the end of the program’s execution, who has the highest score on the exam?

int main() {
  int Regina = 6 * (3 + 2) / 100;
  int Gretchen = (3 + 5) * 6 / 100;
  int Karen =  6 * 3 + 2 / 100;
  int Cady = (3 * 5) * 6 / 100;
}

Regina
Using the order of operations we have Regina scoring 30 / 100.
Gretchen
Using the order of operations we have Gretchen scoring 48 / 100.
Karen
6 * 3 = 18, and 18 + 2 / 100 = 18 due to integer division. Believe it or not, due to the order of operations and integer division, Karen ended up with the highest “score” at the end of the program’s execution.
Cady
Using the order of operations we have Mathlete Cady scoring 90 / 100. this would be the highest score… if it weren’t for integer division.
They all got 0’s.
Integer division rounds the quotient down to the nearest integer. Take a closer look at what is being divided on each line, because not everyone recieved a zero!

Q-9: What line does the first error occur in the following program? If there is no error, what is the output?

int main() {
  char r = 'r';
  int x = 3;
  r = r + x;
  cout << r;
}

line 2, a variable cannot have the same name as its value
A variable can have any value… as long as the types are the same.
line 4, you cannot add an integer to a character
Actually, C++ supports character operations! This is legal.
No error, rx
x is an integer, so what we really have is r = r + 3.
No error, r
'r' isn’t necessarily the value of r. Take a look at line 4.
No error, u
‘u’ is three letters after ‘r’, so on line 4, the value of u becomes the value of r.

Q-10: Suppose you want to find the volume of a cone. For reference, the formula is V = 1/3 pi * r^2 * h. For the sake of this question, we will use pi = 3.14. What is wrong with the following code?

double volume(r, h) {
  return 1/3 * 3.14 * r * r * h;
}

semantic error
With integer division, 1 / 3 becomes 0. Multiplying 0 by the rest of the expression will always return 0, which is not what you want your program to do!
syntax error
There is nothing wrong with the structure of your program.
run-time error
There are no errors that will surface at run-time.
You can’t calculate and return on the same line!
You actually can, this is called composition.
Nothing! There is not an error.
This formula will return a volume, but is it correct?